Urbanisation

urbanization in the world today is an ongoing process that has a profound impact on peoples living conditions and health status. The globalisation of markets, the swear for higher education, increased use of communication, and new information technologies be the madcap forces behind this process. The urbanisation process has marked effects on the raw(a) and cultural environment, on housing arrangements and social networks, as well as on work and employment patterns, not only in the cities, scarce also in the sylvan argonas.Access to health care, social services, and cultural activities are in many cases better in the cities, but there the admission charge may not be evenly distributed among the population. Problem of urbanization is aspect of lopsided urbanization, faulty urban planning, urbanization with poor economic standpoint and without having functional categories . Hence Indias urbanization is followed by some basic problems in the field of 1) housing, 2) slums, 3) transport 4) water supply and sanitation, 5) water pollution and duck soup pollution, 6)inadequate provision for social infrastructure ( school, hospital, etc ).Class I cities such as Calcutta , Bombay, Delhi, Madras etc shake reached saturation level of employment generating capa urban center (Kundu,1997). Since these cities are suffering from of urban poverty, unemployment, housing shortage, crisis in urban infra-structural services these large cities faecal matter not absorb these distressed rural migrants i. e poor landless uninformed and bunglight-emitting diode agricultural labourers. Hence this migration to urban class I cities causes urban crisis more acute. 2 Most of these cities using capital intensive technologies can not generate employment for these distress rural poor.So there is beam of rural poverty to urban poverty. Poverty induced migration of illiterate and unskilled labourer occurs in class I cities addressing urban involution and urban decay. 3 Indian urba nization is involuted not evoluted ( Mukherji, 1995). Poverty induced migration occurs due to rural push . Megacities grow in urban population (Nayak,1962) not in urban prosperity, and culture. Hence it is urbanization without urban functional characteristics.These mega cities are subject to extreme filthy slum and very cruel mega city denying shelter, drinking water, electricity,sanitation ( Kundu,,Bagchi and Kundu, 1999) to the extreme poor and rural migrants. 4 Urbanisation is degenerating social and economic inequalities ( Kundu and Gupta, 1996) which warrants social conflicts, crimes and anti-social activities. Lopsided and uncontrolled urbanization led to environmental degradation and degradation in the quality of urban sprightliness-pollution in sound, air, water, created by disposal of hazardous waste. Illiterate, low- skill or no-skill migrants from rural areas are absorbed in poor low grade urban informal sector at a very low employ rate and urban informal sector becomes in-efficient and unproductive.