Pros and Cons of Drugs

The Pros of Illegal Drugs some countries along with the United States have laws forbidding the possession, sale, and use of certain drugs ranging everyplace from marijuana to heroin. though many countries classify these drugs as unlawful, I desire certain ones atomic number 18 not as bad as hoi polloi portray them as. In my mind, the illegal drug cannabis, alike known as marijuana should be legalized since it can not only improve the economy but its side cause are not that foreign to some other legal drugs. I believe marijuana should be legalized considering its side effectuate are not too extreme.Drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine should not be legalized. These drugs carry strong side effects and are negative to the body, outcomeing in damage to the human body. A debatable point on the matter is the bullion these drugs produce. Some believe that legalizing these certain drugs will in turn care the scathe economy we are now facing. Though this may be tru e in some aspects, it is an awful paper in others. Yes, legalizing these drugs would bring in a self-aggrandizing profit considering how pricey they are, however it also would be very harmful to the people utilize them.These drugs can be overdosed on very easily, and if so it can result in severe harm or sluice death. Marijuana on the other hand can also produce a large profit without those severe consequences. Side effects of marijuana are instead minor compared to other illegal drugs. It speeds up the users watch rate and causes physical impairment. The worst of its side effects are public discussion difficulties and the increase in chances of getting lung cancer. These side effects are just the same as those of cigarette consumers.Smoking tobacco cigarettes carries the same side effects plus even more due to the buildup of tar it causes in the lungs and withal the sale and consumption of such a harvest is quiet down legal. I see the use of marijuana as a combination of the performance of alcohol and cigarettes at the same time. These side effects are not that bad compared to those of more potent drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine. The sale of an illegal drug such as marijuana could really boost the already struggling economy.If the government were to contribute to the sale of marijuana by adding a sale tax to it, it could endure the government with much needed money. The legalization of such a drug would create a high supply and demand for the product, which would allow the government to modern its sale and production. It would also provide the economy with more jobs. It would open up more employment for those suffering from the economys state considering the product would need to be produced and braggy in large amounts.Along with the help the sale of marijuana could produce towards the economy, it would also eliminate the forbidden fruit variable. Young adolescents tend to be raddled into actions that they are forbidden to d o. Legalizing marijuana would end that and would in turn even keep the use to a minimum for many individuals. There are many pros to legalizing certain illegal drugs within the United States. Legalizing marijuana would help more than it would do harm.Other drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine should not be legalized due to their harmful side effects, even though they would bring in a large profit. Though marijuana would not produce rather as much profit as those more potent drugs, it would still contribute greatly to the economy. It would not only provide the government with money if it was taxed, but it would also contribute to the work force. The high demand for the product if legalized would create jobs for unemployed persons. The legalization of a drug such as this would contribute to the U. S. s struggling economy.

Secret Life of Bees

1. Coming of while A approaching of age smart is a novel in which shows the transition of the protagonist from childhood to adulthood through a physical, mental, emotional, or spiritual journey. The dark flavor of Bees is a coming of age novel for Lily because she matures and loses her innocence. For example in chapter two Lily blades a mature decision to make home because she at long last realizes that how T. Ray is treating her is vile and un-fatherly. (Kidd 39-43). When Lily comes to the bee farm, she contracts that in that location is goodness in the world.When she finds this goodness she bristles up a little more and adds more permit intercourse to her somewhat small view of the world. 2. Literary Allusions A literary allusion is something in the text that references to something that the audience would recognize. For example the book references Moses delivering theologys populate turn up of Egypt, and the other uses that allusion to tie unneurotic how the bees are the unitarys that delivered Lily away T. Ray. Lily says that the bees were sent as a special plague for T. Ray. God expression, Let my daughter go, and maybe thats exactly what theyd been, a plague that released me. (Kidd 151).This allusion is tied to the plot because she is referencing the bees to the classic tier of Moses, and as well duologue round how the bees were her escape from T. Ray. 3. The bees are primal to the story because they are the atomic number 53s who open appeared to guide Lily throughout the spotless book. In the beginning of the book she traps a few bees in a jar exactly feels guilty about leaving them in a jar so she opens the jar to permit them free, but the bees dont leave slump away, it takes them awhile to finally leave (Kidd 27-28). The bees continue to be a motif because they signify how each(prenominal) bee has a purpose, fairish like each character has a purpose.This is weighty to Mays death because if one bee leaves the hive thin gs go sick(p) and so May was the bee that left and this left the entire hive in a fury (Kidd 192-214). The bees are also a motif in the surname because in the beehive Lily has this big secret that she continues to keep from e veryone and this is where the title The Secret Life of Bees has most likely came from. 4. The river is relevant to Lilys coming of age because with this river Lily sees death and this belike reminds her of her mothers death. Also Lily gets a more clear understanding of death because of the river taking the life of May.The river is also symbolic because the river makes up the stones that make the Wailing Wall and so Lily finds the mournfulness in the wall and finds out about Mays spite and sadness (Kidd 80-83). With this information Lily is able to grow up and figure out more about the world itself outside the beehive. 5. Setting The setting is crucial to the story because with the time period first of all if it took place in modern time Rosaleen wouldnt consider gone to prison, nor would those men get hold of been aloud to beat her up without getting in trouble.Sadly this was a time when the great unwashed treated black volume poorly as if they were still slaves in a sense. Something else that would have been different is T. Ray wouldnt have been able to treat Lily the way he had and this is essential to the plot because if T. Ray hadnt gotten away with cosmos an awful father than Lily probably wouldnt have run away from home. The time period is important to how this story plays out for if it had been a different time period this story wouldnt have happened. 6. 7. 8. Foil In the story it is obvious in short period of time that June is quite different from her older sister alarming.While June is cold to people and shuts them out, especially Lily, fantastic is calm, caring, motherly, and the queen bee. June is very protective of her self where August is outgoing and lets people in no matter who they may be. For example June wa nts to essentially accept Lily out on the street because she wants to keep things easy, but August says that Lily inescapably to stay until she is ready to leave (Kidd 86-87). This is one of many times where August and June clash in personalities and this is quite important because it moves the plot along.Secret Life of BeesDuring the Civil Rights Movement there was a lot of hatred and force play betwixt the black community and the white community all because of spit out wring. When Whitney Moore Young, Jr. states, Together, blacks and whites back end move our republic beyond racial discrimination and seduce for the benefit of all of us an open golf-club, one that assures freedom, justice, and full comparability for all, Whitney means that if all the hate is put aside, the community, even the entire country, foot overcome anything. Racism post make or flop a community or just a simple friendship.In The Secret Life of Bees, a novel by Sue Monk Kidd, worlds conflict du ring the time of disfavor and racism. In the novel, a young girl tries to find herself within a black family, and learns more than she expected about herself, because she would anywhere else. She sees how even she, herself, has evidence of slight racism in her mind. When racism takes over of a society, it does not just change the mind of one person. It changes the mind of many, causing relationships and friendships between people to falter or grow.Racism can cause a dilemma with relationships between people and cause them to be at a thin pull. When Lily and Zach are eating lunch later on a day of work, Zach explains his dream job and what he plans to accomplish in the future. When Lily hears about it she cannot believe it. She has a sense of annoyance. Without even knowing it, she is being a bit of a racist when she states, Ive just never heard of a Negro lawyer, thats all. Youve got to hear of these things before you can imagine them (Kidd 121).Lily does not realize she is putt ing Zach down by saying the statement above. Zach became defensive and stood up for himself, but surprisingly did not take hold a grudge. It was more of him teaching Lily a lesson that the most famous and well-informed people do not get where they are by being unoriginal and uncreative. They get where they are by imagining what has never been seen before. Right slightly when Lily and Rosaleen first get there, Lily has a thought that unawares seems to prove to her that she does have some prejudice in her and she is not as open-minded as she thought.Her thought after meeting August is, Since I want to express the whole truth, which means the worst parts, I thought they could be smart, but not as smart as me, me being white (Kidd 78). Lily suddenly feels like she has learned a lesson about herself by meeting August and the Boatwright sisters. Until this point, she has understood racism as an act whites only committed towards food colouring people. Nevertheless, Lily respects and feels devoted to August, and this respect and devotion begins to grow the relationship between August and Lily into something similar to a daughter-mother relationship.This only proves how racism can make or buck a relationship, because you can either offend or learn from what you are doing and finding. Racism does not just go one way and it never will. Everyone as different thoughts and everyone feels differently about legitimate things. It is a way of life almost. Lily discovers this once she begins living in the Boatwright home when June makes a statement, But shes white, August (Kidd 87). When Lily overhears June make this annotate, she make outs angry and esteems how wonky it is to dislike someone for their skin color.What Lily does not seem to realize right away is that it is the same thing when it comes to the discrimination white people have towards color people. This is an interesting moment in the novel because white people do not usually experience this type of di scrimination and it confuses Lily at first but later realizes the reason June does not like her is because of the color of her skin and who she is. It only helps prove how racism can cause a relationship to never even be close to a relationship.The prejudice that goes around society also influences the way relationships are made and how they grow because society almost influences everything done and how it is done. An example of this is when Zach tells Lily, Lily, I like you offend than any girl Ive ever known, but you have to understand, there are people who would kill boys like me for even looking at girls like you (Kidd 135). Zach says this to Lily regarding any potential romantic relationship between them. This comment shows how unfair racism can be and is.Young love is typically untroubled and easy and something you look forward to. However, as young teenagers, Lily and Zach have to think about the prejudices of the rest of the society because how dangerous it can get. Racism is not something that will ever really go away in this country or anywhere else as a matter of fact. It can break apart an entire nation just because of the way people think and look at things differently. Even though that is how things already are, when it comes to something so sombre like racism though, there is a very thin line that people seem to cross a lot.It all just impacts the society and how it works because of a certain group of people see things a different way then it causes people to feel like what they do can be wrong if it is not approved of. People should just respect each other and let everyone be. It can really scram the nation or just a small community together and that moves the generation forward into something so much bigger and stronger. It is how Whitney Moore stated that if we can all learn to move forward as one, it can become an open society, full of all the wonderful things a society should be filled with.

Reitman’s Financial Analysis Essay

Reitmans Financial Analysis From an analysis of the companys ratios everyplace the last three years since 2009, as entrap in the Appendix Exhibit _, the quantitative data reveals an un complimentary abridge in performance. Liquidity Reitmans has the strongest current ratio when compared to its competitorsThe porta and Le Chateauat most double their value. However, the Companys ratio has been in step-down since 2009 at that time, it was at 4. , then fell to 4. 3, and finally, to 4. 1 in 2011. This slue reveals a slight decline in Reitmans short-term liquidity however, correct with the decline, the Company has more than enough liquidity to meet their short-term cash requirements. It could even be argued that they are non utilizing their assets to their full potential, as the commonplace acceptable current ratio is 21.Even when inventory is not considered, as with the quick ratio and cash ratio, Reitmans ratios are unusually amply when compared to their competitorswhich add s strength to the argument that they are not utilizing their assets as effectively as they could be if they were to invest their funds instead of leaving them sitting light(a) within an account. Asset Management As revealed by their inventory dis ensnare of 1. 2, Reitmans sells its inventory more slowly than its competitor, the Gap, does with their ratio of 5. 7 in 2011.However, the Gap may have a higher than normal turnover, as Reitmans is favourable when compared to their other competitor, Le Chateau. The Companys accounts receivable turnover has remained comparatively stable over the past three years, fluctuating slightly scarcely still taking just one day on comely to collect from customers. In contrast, Reitmans accounts payable turnover has been experiencing an unfavourable decline since 2009 it utilize to take just 106 days to make payments to suppliers, but now it takes 257 days, over twice the time.Long-term Debt Paying Ability Reitmans debt ratio measures the extent o f creditor funding and leverage. Their percentage of debt, 22%, is much smaller than their competitors at 63% and 39% and a result, Reitmans is much more solvent and more able to hold back their long-run financial viability. Further, when looking at the Companys multiplication occupy elucidateed, we see that Reitmans is considered to be less-risky for lenders as they are able to earn their fixed interest charges ver 3 times per year this exceeds the general road map that says creditors are reasonably safe if the company has a times interest earned ratio of two or more times. Profitability approximately merchandising companies need sufficient gross profit in order to cover their operating expenses or else they will likely fail. Reitmans, as standardised to their competitors, maintains a higher profit ratio of 64% in 2011 and 67% in 2010. Even though the Companys other measures of profitableness are still favourable compared with their competitors, Reitmans profitability ratios have declined by almost half from 2010 to 2011.

Accounting Profession

The sprainload of the power is measured 2 In c on the whole of actual clients rather than attempting to measured the true In terms of the billing hours or dollars. 2 individual clients serviced by the squiffy beautify the complexity of coordinating the activities deep down angiotensin converting enzyme local, targeted firm at heart the area. bingle client Is an indep polish offent 011 and gas entrepreneur that operates over an expanded region which may involve operations in multi-states when exploration is active. A back up client is a construction company that has crews operating in four-spot states on a weekly basis..The required accounting and tax documents (paperwork) ND teaching change exp intially with the addition or deletion of new-fashi hotshotd clients to the existing client list. A concurrent change is that of administering a informationbase to ERM the divide to manage the required coordination between separate accountants working independently and for th e same client. The firms workforce is make up of dickens partners, one non-partner associate degree and various other hourly personnel. The firm currently operates ways in two localizations in spite of appearance a single state.The certified public accountant Firm (certified public accountant) partners recognized within the past several years that a paper intensive surroundings ad resulted in a firm-wide musical arrangement that was in danger of collapse. integrity of the two partners, the elder partner, was appoint the specific task of developing policies cerebrate to two interrelated purposes involving the use of technology (1) to repair the management of the processes and work (data) flow within the firms system and (2) to undertake strategic planning to suss out the firms continued growth and success by improve cost efficiencies by means of better usage of technology.The research assort (authors of the study) utilize the results of an interview of a partner of a repressions law firm (in a parallel study) utilise the nine milestones recommend by the SEARCH (the National Consortium for referee t for each oneing and Statistics) during the literature review as a guide in determine the strategic planning and implementation for a typical law firm within the justice system in order to compare research results between two different, but akin, get key firms.The milestones permitted the research group to conspire its findings in a manner that is consistent with other efforts within the Justice system (law firm) while also providing similar structure for a certified public accountant that is governed by parallel expectations.However, since the law firm was a component of the Justice system the findings are grouped into fewer categories to allow the research group to structure the intent of the recommendations provided by SEARCH to a specific baptismal font study (of the CPA) regulated by professional, federal and state statutes/regulations to a professional law firm within a specific segment of the overall Judicial system yet regulated in a similar manner. Both types of professional firms drive legal and ethical obligations to protect their clients interests (manual and electronic documents, etc. 3 STRATEGIC DISASTER PLANNING The CPA notionally had a self-contained computer- based information system ho utilize internally in one of the two branch offices of the firm. As growth of the client base grew and the firm expanded the firm added a part- sentence, consulting-in-nature IT support that continues today. Initially IT periodically plump for up the firms data on an infrequent basis that evolved into a moment practice over time. However, no firm succor policy or procedure existed rather the IT staff simply implemented common gumption and applied what experience had shown them was the service the firm inevitable.In in brief, simple use of backup tapes and disks as determined informally by the IT consultant as hi s time permitted. However, as the CPA continued to grow the partners began to informally create a plan for backup however, the backup was still localized and stored at one of the firms office where the primary IT operation was housed. The easy plan established and used was to store duplicate copies of computerized files in the same physical location where the procure copies were find.Experience proved to be a lesson well-read. The offices of the firm are located in an area of the U. S. That is prone to hurricanes. While the offices are not located on the coast hurricane damage NAS occurred within the elite to the firm and the original partners learned that offside storage of backup copies could prove to be a quick of scent course of action in an area that has experienced hurricanes on a frequent basis. Thus a backup of computerized records with offside storage became the fail plan for several years.The precedential partner, upon being charged with the responsibility to improve the management of the processes and work (data) flow within the firms system and to undertake strategic planning to insure the firms in hunted growth and success by improving cost efficiencies through better usage of technology initiated planning by developing a firm wide identification of technology needs, policies and procedures that would be necessary for the firm to successfully survive a natural disaster.This planning effort included charging the IT consultant with the responsibility to recommend changes in the computerized firm-wide system that would permit the daily backup of all databases and other files at upstage sites including alternative network capabilities that could be used to resume email and at that place communication capabilities as quickly as possible if the main office location was down due to a natural disaster. The plan was to require alternatives that would permit the firm to resume and maintain operations from various sites within the U.S. If necessary. On no single date was the system to be plunk for up at only the main location by having the master and backup files physically located at the same system. The IT consultant recommendations were used by the senior partner to subsequently develop plans for the CPA which turn to the backup, relocation, security, and covert in the areas of hardware, software, databases, and physical 4 structure or running(a) areas, and telecommunications-network links internal and external to the CPA.The IT staff was requested to provide the senior partner with suggested scenarios that would describe the cause and effect of actions (procedures) that the CPA should implement. Examples provided by the senior partner included the following 0 Hardware laptop computers were to be taken home (and subsequently to evacuation locations) by individuals the laptop was assigned to by the firm. All non-removable computers, etc. Were wrapped in heavy ductile for retention from wind and water system damage (anyt hing short of a machinate destructive hit).The CPA buildings were to be secured to minimize the effect of wind and water debris and structural damage. 0 Software All software programs, systems and applications, plump for up and sent to offside locations in second firm office located another geographical region of the country. 0 Databases all data backed up and copies moved to local and distant locations electronically and hardcopy. Two sets prepared and kept at two different locations locally and one set sent to an off-site location in Tennessee (and not in line for hurricane damage).Telecommunications- network reviewed the backup contingency plans with vendor that was located in another geographic region to initial recovery efforts once the CPA and vendor could resume contact and after power and other utilities were restored. Partners of the CPA were obviously kept in the loop and were advised to carry place hardware, software, and paper files to other locations (homes and pe rhaps subsequently to evacuation location areas outdoors to the disaster area). The partners supervised t transfer of items to the second CPA location (from one gulf coast state to an interior state overnight).August 26, 2005 the lane of Hurricane Strain continued to indicate that the CPA likely would be within the projected landfall area and subsequent inland path of destruction. The increasing order of magnitude of the hurricane became obvious to the firm personnel and the disaster plan was set in motion. The plan identified those responsible for each of the planned areas of responsibility. When the decision was made by the partners-owners of the firm to implement the disaster plan there was well-nigh four hours remaining in the work week.CPA employees were already concerned for family and ain reporter and the firm began to allow employees to leave work early to tend to those needs. However, a core of employees partners and one staff person remained to oversee the end of dis aster procedures. Who did what? When asked this question the senior partner stated that the partners did the activities related to insuring the hardware, software, databases, 5 telecommunication-network and structural preparations were completed as quickly as possible.He commented that what most have to remember is that Hurricane Strain grew from a course of study 1 too category 4 or 5 within a very short timestamp. All disaster planning had been based on what disaster experiences in the past had shown would be probably. The IT consultant worked non-stop until the last items were relocated, secure, backed up and ended their efforts on Sunday, August 28th. The CPA partners at both locations dealt with the craft end of the disaster plan implementation.Those tasks included 0 Notifying clients and carriers the CPA was battening down and would be back in touch as soon as possible, 0 Arranging to have any imminent incoming checks re-routed to the off-site inland state location (for fee t and operational banks), 0 Updating voice messages for the office, 0 Making final decisions about which paper (hard) copy file needed which level of protection (covered, uncovered, removed to another location, etc. , 0 Reviewing that all electronic (soft) copy were backed up according to the plans to insure that copies were located in several locations locally and remote and the person responsible for each copy, Providing phone contact lists for all employees and giving out partner information to all employees (who had already been sent home to deal with personal and family assister preparations), and 0 Checking insurance policy coverage (and later following through for example, business interruption insurance has been troublesome).

Business Communication Questionnaire Essay

Using information from your text book, class discussions and your fellowship and experience, answer the following ten questions (in about 50 100 manner of speaking each). Submit your answers that includes the original question in a word inscription ( non hand written).1. What are the main challenges facing headache communicators today?I feel that main challenges facing business communicators today would be listening. I feel its very unhandy for managers to adjust this skill. Due to the incident of all the pres for certains of keeping success in the business, there may not be snip to sit and listen to the needs of the employees and the customers. Without taking the time to listen and finding a way to understand others point of view, managerial staff may never understand or be certain of the needs and requires an employee world power have, which could cause a few problems in the behave area.2. List five trends in the browseplace that affect business communicators? How a bility they affect you in your career?Email made it faster and easier for lot to swap words and data, could also be a bad rationalise due to increasing amount of spam. Another would be shared work space. many an(prenominal) the great unwashed like their bubble and dont want people to be crammed in next to Joe the annoying guy. Dress calculate would be other. Sometimes people drive out offend others me desire what they raid which could cost you your job. Video conferencing would be a bonus because you could be across the world as an owner and still be able to pick up meetings. Listening is a broad trend. People need to develop great listening skills to move forward in their career.3. Name five amateur communication techniques that can sabotage a career.Speech habits such as using like all the time, or relying on slang. An email is another, not writing in complete sentences or using misspelled words. Spell transgress is on everything and everyone should use it. One shou ld also not have an strange email address such as hotbabegmail.com. Voice mails would be another technique that a person should be aware of. You dont want any loud music or annoying people in the back ground of your voice mail. You also should bad babble another employee. You never know who that person youre talk of the town to king go run and tell and possibly mix up the novel or tell the wrong person. Another would be text content many times people cant tell the quality in which you send a text and it dexterity come across offensive.4. List five suggestions for enhancing comprehension when you are talking with people for whom side is a second language. Context, individualism, formality, communication style and time oriented. It is measurable that when talking with people whose main language is not English to be unhurried with them. Its not easy for them to understand all the different shipway we put our words into context one thing to us might mean another to them. Spea k to them as if you were in their country and you only spoke a few words of their language5. What factors are important in selecting an appropriate channel to deliver a contentedness? Many conversations in business are one on one but it is important to know how to be comfortable with speaking in await of large groups. Also one must be aware of anything that could break a transmission also known as noise. An example would be a PowerPoint slide that doesnt show up properly, or has misspelled words. same(p) goes for a telephone call, a lot of business people rely on speaker phone and the other person speaking might not realize they are on it and bad mouth someone.6. How does compose the sense of hearing help a business communicator prepare a message?By Profiling your audience before you prepare a message you can identify the appropriate tone, language and channel for your audience. It doesnt thing how long or short your message is you want to ingest for certain you shoot for the audiences interests. Most of the readers or listeners will be thinking about whats in it for me so you must target them to keep them interested.7. Why is conciseness especially important in business? opus concisely means to eliminate words that arent needed because they dont add anything to the meaning of a sentence. Long skeletal out letters in business wastes readers time and energy, this can bewilder rather than aid readers in what they are reading and potentially make them look elsewhere.8. How is business writing different from academic writing?Writing for business and academics are both very important skills to know. They either can bring you up in your career or hold you back. I feel that business writing is a little more difficult because youre not sure how the reader is going to feel about your product or service. Whereas an academic paper such as a research paper you have all the resources you need and are not trying to sell yourself to a potential customer.9. Descr ibe the You-View approach.The you-view approach when writing a message is adding in words that emphasize second-person pronouns such as you and your instead of first-person pronouns like Ive or ours. Having a you set ups the receiver a more personal message specifically made for them. It could also give complements and gratitude for their business.10. Describe the key steps in a writing process. picture the purpose and select an appropriate channel. You must think your message exhaustively before you begin writing the message. Then you must envision your audience and understand who your audience will make it easier to share the message with. after(prenominal) that you must construct a message that is directed to the audiences needs and concerns, make it about what they want to hear and gain fellowship from. Organize your message would be the next step making sure that your message is concise and well written. Construct a first order of payment by writing out all your ideas and start with a rough draft. And lastly Revise and proof read to make sure there are no errors and that all your facts are correct.

The Effects of Cramming for an Examination

The effects of chock upming for an examination You are a student, have you constantly heard some sensation to complain oh my god, I have only one mean solar day to review for the final test? In the fact, they knew schedule exams from a month ago, but, they dont care it until the last day origin entirelyy an exam. The real only solution is to cram. Some students even seem to select it because it challenges them and give them to a greater extent age to go out with your friends on the weekend.In contrast, cramming has galore(postnominal) bad effects as exhaustion, knowledge overload and bad result. Firstly, cramming is a reason make you exhausted. By cramming, youre trying to learn everything you hobo in the limited time you have to study. So, to do that you must perk up through at night to learn, after you could be sleep red. Thus, it git make you feel asleep, tired and loss of appetite in the day after. Cramming can leave you feeling down and worn out in the end.Secondly, cramming make us knowledge overload. Many students believed in the last day, before do the test they can learn by heart all knowledge. However, the brain is a sweep, but just like any sponge oversaturated very fast. A brain filled to the brim with knowledge allow for seep out the knowledge instead of retaining it. Therefore, you should add this information more slowly, over time you may find yourself more capable of captivating a larger knowledge. Thirdly, a big consequence of cramming is bad result.Sleep deprivation can cause poor memory, lack of alertness and overload knowledge, oftentimes leading to lower test grades. However, when you study for an examination with an intense cram session, at first you might assume that you will pass. But, the low severalize will come as a surprise to you and your grade even out average. If you do non study for a test, you probably will stay that you are going to fail or at least not do so well. Remember that Cramming is not the best way to stomach the score you seek.Conclusion, though cramming has been a studying practice for generations it is real a bad method to review and many negative effects. These hold exhaustion, overload knowledge and bad result. Because above all that reasons, before time lag until the last minute to study for your next big exam, you should study laboured at this moment and think about its consequences. Moreover, dont louse up your time to do useless things but you must manage time better in the future to improve themselves not only in school, but also in your life. /.

Evaluation of another group’s performance

In drama we have been studying TIE, or theatre in Education. We practised scraps for which we chose certain subjects, like drugs or bullying, and performed it in front of a target year eight interview. I am evaluating a piece shown on Tuesday 7th December in the turn studio in front of two classes and whiz year eight target audience class. The piece was ab show up bullying and social acceptance, with informational themes and values.The important character was called Heather, and along with being bullied, she desperately wanted to be sidetrack of the popular gang. The ring leader of the popular bullies was called sur demo-to-air missile. Through unwrap close to of the play, she do fun of Heather and upset her a lot, and the gang copied her, but somewhere along the banknote, surface-to-air missiles friends got a sudden spark of guilt, and turned on Sam to become friends with Heather, who, so drawn with her craving for popularity had attempted to steel an dear(predicate) floo r, and started trying to become Sam. But all ended well, as Sam apologised to Heather after being dumped by her best friend Katy, and e rattlingone became friends.They conveyed their characters very well to the audience their voices were loud and clear, their costume, movement and gestures reflected their characterisation, and the things they said and did fitted their character, like when the bimbo, Sam, was upset, she ran away(p) crying, but not just normally, she had an extra high pitched voice, and held her bag high and ran very femininely. Their facial expressions suited the concept in which they were employ, and so were very effective and persuasive to the audience.They sustained their characters well throughout most of the piece, but at the beginning it seemed some of them were shy and timid, though they did good luck through into confidence early on. Their characterisation was very successful, especially in the comedy elements, like for example when Hannah played the polic eman using the irons and the language that it stereo typical to policemen, sustaining the role with humour. Their characters were believable, firstly because they were very well-known(prenominal) characters, and secondly because they played them very well. On a scale of one to ten, I would say their characterisation was believable at about seven.They used a lot of effective body language, like hand and face gestures and posture that reflected their character well. Their voice also was effective to the piece. Heather, for example, used a squeaky voice to portray a geek. Their costume was used well, with the nonesuch and giant, and was effective because you knew immediately what they were. The characters also used props, like the clipboard the saint was retentiveness and reading, which gave a sense of organisation. The bag was also useful in the stealth scene, because you knew at once what she was stealing, and when you dont have to work out things like that, you sack concentra te on the piece itself.The group used a some explorative elements and drama mediums. They used for example, freeze frames these were valuable and effective because you could assure what they were when the happened, and could see things like thought tracing and conscience alley after part the scenes. The conscience alley itself could have been more effective, as it didnt build up more than tension and was sort of cheesy. It was too short, and the only reason you knew what it was, is because of the devil and angel costumes.The staging and space was set out very well, although was sometimes too far upstage. Mostly however the whole space was used. there was some blocking (even when the blocked person was talking), mostly between the angel and devil. Staging furniture was also used to create a groundwork for a shop and chairs in a classroom. This was used and worked well because you could externalize the rest of the setting coming into place with just a few features. They didnt u se a set, although this could have been effective if used and set out properly.The performance itself was successful. It used some information like child line phone numbers and advice. They also used humour, which is useful as it gets the upkeep of younger and older viewers. Without humour, the piece would have been boring and most of the audience wouldnt have liked it. I think they did achieve what they set out to do, as they entertained while informing, and formed a good piece of TIE drama, although it would have been better with more information.The atmosphere created was alright. There wasnt much tension, or a climax of any kind, but uses of silence and medication worked well. Voice projection and accent was also used effectively. The boilers suit enduringness of the piece in my opinion was the characterisation the development of voice and costume. The overall weakness was probably the blocking it did ruin some scenes and therefore equal the entire performance. I think the audience definitely enjoyed the piece, whether or not they saw the meaning of it is another question. But any negative result is mostly due to the lack of understanding the project and goal TIE.In conclusion, I think this piece was very good, and I give it 7/10 for effort, 7/10 for characterisation, 7/10 for staging and 4/10 for use of drama mediums. Basically, I give it 28/40, which is a c grade.

Cell Cycle Essay

stall growth, average functionsWhat occurs in G1 in the carrell cycle? carrell cycleWhat is the series of events that stalls go through as they grow and carve up?G1What is the longest stage of the cell cycle called?inter varietyDuring what stage does the G1,S,and G2 phases happen?MitosisDuring what phase of the cell cycle does mitosis and cytokinesis occur?MitosisDuring what phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur?S (synthesis)During what phase of the cell cycle is deoxyribonucleic acid replicated?G1During what phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow?G2During what phase of the cell cycle does the cell prep be for mitosis?4How many stages atomic number 18 in that location in mitosis?Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase erect the following stages of mitosis in order anaphase, prophase, metaphase, and telophaseG1, S, G2, MPut the following stages of the cell cycle in order G2, S, G1, M prison cell grows, DNA take, cell prep ars for mitosis, cell divisionPut the following actions in order DNA replication, cell grows, cell division, cell prepares for mitosis.For efficiency, the process would affect too long if it was biggerExplain why cells dont just continue to grow larger as organisms grow larger. why do cell divide? (Write in complete sentences)DNA replicationWhat occurs in S phase of the cell cycle?cell prepares for mitosisWhat occurs in G2 phase of the cell cycle?cell divisionWhat occurs in M phase of the cell cycle?nuclear membrane disapears, spindle fibers random variable chromosomes condenseWhat occurs in prophase phase of the cell cycle?chromosomes line up at equaterWhat occurs in metaphase phase of the cell cycle?sister chromatids tow apartWhat occurs in anaphase phase of the cell cycle?chromosomes have uninvolved/ ribosomes begin to formWhat occurs in telophase phase of the cell cycle?Interphase- G, S, G2 normal cell growth/prep for divisionMissing from this are Interphase and Cytokinesis. What are they, and when do they occur ? (Interphase)physical splitting of the cellMissing from this are Interphase and Cytokinesis. What are they, and when do they occur? (Cytokinesis)DIdentify whether they are monoploid (H) or diploid (D) cells at end of mitosisHIdentify whether they are haploidic (H) or diploid (D) cells at end of meiosisDIdentify whether they are haploid (H) or diploid (D) liver cellHIdentify whether they are haploid (H) or diploid (D) sperm cellHIdentify whether they are haploid (H) or diploid (D) testisDIdentify whether they are haploid (H) or diploid (D) scrape cellHIdentify whether they are haploid (H) or diploid (D) gameteDIdentify whether they are haploid (H) or diploid (D) material (body) cell1 copy of every cellWhat is a haploid?2 copies of every cellWhat is a diploid?46, 23 pitying cells diploid ____ haploid _____1. crossing over/ mixing DNA from parents 2. bring up gametsExplain how meiosis increases genetic diversity in 2 antithetical ways2 cells produced in Mitosis4 cells produce d in reduction division flip cells+get biggerReasons for occurrence in Mitosismaking gametes for sexual retortReasons for occurrence in Meiosis1 of divisions in Mitosis2 of divisions in MeiosisnoIncludes crossing over (Y/ N) MitosisyesIncludes crossing over (Y/ N) MeiosissomaticKind of cells using it (Mitosis)gametsKind of cells using it (Meiosis)

Lincoln Electric Case Essay

capital of Nebraska voltaic Company in the year 1895. The commencement products that the high society produced and sold were electric motors that he had designed himself. A Few years later, in 1907 his brother James, a recently graduate from the Ohio State University, joined as a senior motorbus He was alike the one who would introduce various and rattling sophisticated human resource policies over the next few decades.These policies included things homogeneous employee stock stimulateership, the creation of an Employee advisory board, as salubrious as piecework pay. roughly of these ideas were later adapted as standard US wide practices. The weld business, which not materially was one of the important focuses of the capital of Nebraska galvanising Company, became the main source of income by 1922. Welding which a special technique of -under vex bringing together different sources of metals. It is used for basically most of the industrial argonas, from line of work manufacturing to petrochemical complexes.From 1986 onwards, the come with pursued a course of extensive internationally expansion. This was started already way earlier in 1933 source, with the establishment of the capital of Nebraska galvanic Company in Australia and in 1953 with its expansion to France. However, from the mid 1980s onwards, Lincoln galvanising expanded its manufacturing operations into 16 countries. This expansion peaked in 1995, when the go with r to each oneed the $1 billion in sales the first time. It was as well as the year Lincoln began to trade its sh atomic number 18s on the Ameri bunghole stock foodstuff the NASDAQ.By 2005 it became the mans leading manufacturer in the weld attention. Nowadays, (Dec. 31 2010) Lincoln voltaic has net sales of $ 2,070 one million million. Why go abroad? As the Lincoln galvanising Companys idea and concept turn up to be successful in the US from the 1930s onwards, it overly operated removed of the country. Due to its success in its home grocery, the companies steering was able to first gain enough food grocery store place devolveowship in order to tape sunrise(prenominal) foodstuffs were a certain proficiency is questd. Nevertheless, as merchandise places and industries around the world differ in to each other (e. g.consumer tastes) the best idea was for Lincoln Electronic to first enter a market were the so-called mental Distance is not so high and less uncertainty.Therefore Australian was chosen, as this is psychological wise not so far from the hearthstone / US Ameri go off market. This phenomenon can be seen in the Uppsala Model. It includes four different steps, from first getting experience in the home market to only owned international operations. This volition be explained in more item proposition later. However, as we can see in the Lincoln Electric case, the lodge first gain sufficient knowledge in their home market and later expanded internationally.But step by step set ahead away (political, language and culture wise) from its home market. Uppsala Model Looking at the process of internationalization of Lincoln Electric, most of the facets of the Uppsala Model can be identified. So, this entry mode theory is most applicable in our opinion. In this section, we impart elaborate upon the internationalization of Lincoln Electric musical composition applying the wooden legs of the Uppsala model. During the first stage companies tend to solely gain experience of their domestic markets.In the case of Lincoln Electric, it can be stated that it mainly concentrate on becoming the leading manufacturer in the United States. sum integral competencies are most important for the success of an MNE and for all companies those core competencies are their higher-order firm specific advantages (FSAs). In this first stage of the Uppsala Model we willing try to recognize all the FSAs of Lincoln Electric. The first FSA is the attach tos human resourc e policy, in which many facets can be recognized that provide productivity advances and which results in a variability of 60 percent of the personnel costs.Those facets are performance- found rewards, employee stock ownership, a piecework payment system, and bonuses based on company pelf. Another FSA is that the company cuts costs in acquiring personnel, and simultaneously keeps holding a very well experienced and compound workforce by build trust among the employees with policies like an employee advisory boards, employee hint systems, annuities for retired employees, group life insurances, and a no-layoff policy. The third recognized FSA is the companys R&D program this program is the most aggressive, statewide and successful in the welding industry.This FSA led the company in new market introductions and quality performance. Fourthly, an important FSA for consumer relations is the ability to provide honest welding solutions. The company is able to provide this cod to th e fact that it manufactures two arc welding equipment and consumable products. Summarized, the core competencies which provide the company with rivalrous advantages are the ability to cut personnel costs, the highly trained skilful sales force, and the ability to provide excellent service for customers.The second stage in the Uppsala model states that the firm begins to operate abroad in a nearby market, and then slowly penetrates far away markets. When applying this to Lincoln Electric, it can be seen that the company encountered its first international experience in countries such as Canada, Australia and France in the 1940s. These countries have a small psychic withdrawnness from the United States, therefore, the market uncertainty is perceived as low.Canada, Australia and France are psychically nearby, because issues with regard to trade unions, labour practices and laws are treated similarly in those countries. Furthermore, Canada and Australia are linguistically similar to the United States, and all the previous countries are western countries, so the cultures are not significantly different. Lincoln Electric started its first major international expansion between 1986 and 1992. It then change magnitude its presence into 15 other countries, which were acquisitions in Venezuela, Mexico, Brazil, Scotland, Norway, the UK, the Netherlands, Spain, and Germany.However, this expansion was a real failure, the company faced difficulties due to executives inexperience with trade unions and their lack of knowledge of labour practices and laws in other countries. The companys aim was viz. to operate the new acquisition in Lincoln USAs image, however they learned from this experience and as can be seen in stage four, their renewed global expansion is more than more improved. The third stage of the Uppsala model states that companies tend to enter markets through export, instead of using sales or manufacturing subsidiaries of their own.However, this does not suit Lincoln Electric due to the fact that it is too costly to ship welding products because of their weight. It was for Lincoln Electric and other companies in the welding industry essential to set up a local or regional production facility. Therefore, Lincoln Electric had to instantly set up sales or manufacturing subsidiaries of their own without starting signal with solely exporting. In the fourth stage it is said that a company establishes wholly owned or majority-owned operations only after several(prenominal) years of experience.This can also be recognized as macrocosm the case with Lincolns internationalization. In 1996 their renewed globalization schema started. This is characterized by many joint- chances, acquisitions and start-ups over the world. among 1996 and 2004, many expansions have been completed. At the end of this expansion period, the company tried to gain majority or wholly ownership in many of their acquisitions and joint-ventures, because they experience d that they could not amply control their operations in the way they hopeed it. Attractiveness of India cardinal of the most significant questions in the global strategy field is how multinational firms should navigate their way through multiple and often conflicting host-country institutional environments (Ghoshal and Westney 1992, Morgan et al. 2001). This is no different for Lincoln Electric who faced some problems while expanding overseas. When crossing borders, opportunity is mostly the driving force behind the expansion. Between 1986 and 1991, Lincoln took on unprecedented debt in order to finance foreign acquisitions, mostly in Europe.They initially had a lack of international management skill, and did not take into subscribeation local environment in each country when expanding globally. This was caused because not all of their firm specific advantages (FSAs) where as on the table as they had hoped. For instance the incentive system that works very well in the U. S. di d not work in European countries with different working environment and ethics. Lincoln had already tried to penetrate the Asian market before landing its eye on the India.Theoretically, a country will be attractive to a foreign investor if, in investing in that country, the investor gets a return that is equal to or higher than their risk-adjusted weighed cost of capital. (Urkude and Seshanna 2008) So how attractive is India for Lincoln Electric. With assessing a countries attractiveness two main categories can be distinguished Country Risks, Market Opportunities and Industry Opportunities. For Lincoln there is only one country risk which is corruption, for the rest India is a stable, refrain growing country with a solid political system. World subprogram Index of perception of corruption 2009iHowever there are a number of market opportunities. Indias infrastructure is still underdeveloped, and therefore learn for welding products is increasing with the upcoming construction an d infrastructure activity in the next couple of years. Import sales to India were up by geminate digits in 2006, driven mostly by orders from the pipe mill and pipeline sector, and more recently from the automotive sector. (Lincoln Electric annual report 2008) The harvest-festival of the welding industry is similar to the growth of the entire economy of the particular country, and for this reason India makes an attractive opportunity.As seen in the graph infra Indias GDP has grown dramatically over the last couple of years, and it is anticipate the welding industry will grow among these lines as well. Indias market is quickly growing as shown in the graph on the right. non only the population but also GDP and exports. And the one below shows that the industry sector is coming on as well. For this reason the welding industry will benefit from the economic growth and be in the lift as a lot of these new construction projects require welding consumables.Industry opportunities lie in India as well, as learn for steel declined all over the world, it grew in India by as much as ten percent. (Frost and Sullivan 2010) But India is also a highly belligerent market as 56 percent of welding consumables were creation produced by large firms that had developed their own technology and 44 percent was being produced by a number of small firms that immediately tried to retroflex the large firms, as soon as their product became available on the market.So for Lincoln to be successful, they would have to keep innovating their products and make it unverbalised for others to copy their products. Another point of interest is that with the welding market booming, a high price would have to be paid if Lincoln would want to enter the market by acquisition. This making it difficult for new entries in the market, but the two other options which are a joint venture and building an own factory are as much charitable as an acquisition.Lincoln already had some experience with joi nt ventures in China, but had trouble with the joint decision making that came with it. And with building their own factory they would have to weigh off the benefit off total control towards the starting up costs of the factory. The Indian government had also granted some fiscal and financial incentives by setting up tax-free zones and increasing the foreign direct investment (FDI) percentage in the aviation and real estate sector, which could generate a high beg for welding equipment.Overall it can be said that India is a very attractive market for Lincoln Electronic if they can get into the market either via acquisition, a joint venture or by building their own factory. Advice for Management The advice we would give the managers from Lincoln Electric, to help them to continue enhancing their market share and improve their geographical dominance in the welding industry is to acquire a smaller welding company.An option, which Lincoln Electric should consider is the case of ESAB, as , mentioned in the case In 2000, ESAB had agreed to be purchased by Lincoln Electric for 750 million plus the assumption of $300 million in ESABs debt. Yet Lincoln Electric decided that resembling year not to go forward with the acquisition after just and other issues arose in the due diligence process. Even though these plans fell through, Lincoln Electric should reconsider purchasing ESAB, since it represents 75% of revenues of its parent company Charter, which is European- based company with a large global presence.ESAB India, which is part of ESAB, is also one of the main competitors of Lincoln Electric in India. Therefore, if Lincoln Electric could dissolve the antitrust problems and other problems that arose in the due diligence process, they will be able to acquire ESAB and to double their market share. To enforce the market share dominance of Lincoln Electric globally, an acquisition with a company like ESAB would be economically profitable.Analyzing the graph below, an a cquisition with Lincoln Electric and a smaller company would create a welding market dominance. This will result in other competitors being left with a smaller market share due to a much bigger dominating competitor. In this case, Lincoln Electric has the opportunity to purchase ESAB or another smaller welding company due to the high profits from the profitable US market. Because of that opportunity we would advice them to purchase and expand by authority of increasing their market share by purchasing a competing company.

Essay Question: Examine How Steinbeck Presents the Character of Curley’s Wife in ‘of Mice and Men’

experiment Question Examine how Steinbeck presents the character of Curleys wife in Of Mice and hands The famous novella O Mice and Men was written by washbasin Steinbeck, in which all characters play an immense role. Firstly the metre in which this novel was written has a direct impact on the characters spirit style and personality. As we pick out, this novel was written during the time of the great depression, which was found in 1929. It was known as the great depression, be gain it lasted for up to 10 years. During this time women had no rights and were abounded and isolated from social activities.They were known to be the possession of their husband. In this novella Steinbeck shows us two view on the character of Curleys wife, however our perception of her changes without herself actually changing. As a reader we know how she is without even seen her. She was first mentioned by Candy, as he was describing her to George. Through her description we know that she got the eye , meaning that she is a person who can cause danger to others. Furthermore Candy described her as a caustic, tramp and a bitch.Before actually seeing her we know that she is the only when women in the ranch and that she is a flirtatious person as surface as a promiscuous person. Also Steinbeck describes her as a lady friend instead of a woman. This shows that he is informing the reader nearly her personality and how she is. Girls are mainly described as immature and transparent and that they dont have enough knowledge about the world, where as a woman is a much mature person with a wider knowledge about the world and life. Curleys wife is described as a girl, because she is being looks down at and not respected as she should be it also emphasises her vulnerability.

According to the omnipotent view Essay

According to the omnipotent view, managers argon directly prudent for an organizations success or failure. The symbolic view argues that frequently of an organizations success or failure is due to remote forces outside managers control. The two boundts on managers discretion ar the organizations culture (internal) and the environment (external). Managers bent totally trammel by these two factors since they can and do influence their culture and environment. s the characteristics and importance of organisational culture. The seven dimensions of culture are attention to detail, expiry orientation, people orientation, team orientation, aggressiveness, stability, and innovation and risk taking. In organizations with strong cultures, employees are much loyal and performance tends to be higher. The stronger a culture becomes, the more it affects the way managers plan, organize, lead, and control. The original source of a culture reflects the vision of organizational founders. A c ulture is maintained by employee selection practices, the actions of top managers, and socialising processes.Also, culture is transmitted to employees through stories, rituals, material symbols, and language. These elements help employees learn what value and behaviors are important as well as who exemplifies those values. The culture affects how managers plan, organize, lead, and control. topical issues in organizational culture. The characteristics of an innovative culture are challenge and contact, freedom, aver and openness, idea time, playfulness/humor, conflict resolution, debates, and risk-taking. A customer-responsive culture has five characteristics surpass and friendly employees jobs with few rigid rules, procedures, and regulations empowerment clear roles and expectations and employees who are painstaking in their desire to please the customer. Workplace spirituality is important because employees are looking for a counterbalance to the stresses and pressures of a tu rbulent pace of life. ageing baby boomers and other workers are looking for roughlything meaningful in their lives, an involvement and connection that they often dont find in modern-day lifestyles, and to meet the needs that organized religion is not meeting for some of them.Spiritual organizations tend to have five characteristics strong sense of purpose, think on individual development, trust and openness, employee empowerment, and toleration of employee expression. The External Environment Constraints and Challenges disrespect the fact that appliance sales are expected to climb for the first gear time in four years, Whirlpool Corporation, which already shut sight 10 percent of its production capacity, continues to cut costs and scale atomic reactor capacity even more.7 And its not alone in its protective, defensive actions. The decade from 2000 to 2009 was a challenging one for organizations. For instance, some well-known complete employmentes at the beginning of th e decade were acquired by other companies during this time, including Compaq (now a quit of Hewlett-Packard), Gillette (now a part of Procter & Gamble), Anheuser-Busch (now a part of Anheuser-Busch InBev), and Merrill Lynch (now a part of Bank of America) others disappeared altogether, including Lehman Brothers, Circuit City, and Steve & Barrys (all now bankrupt) and WorldCom and Enron (both do in by ethics scandals).8 Anyone who doubts the impact the external environment has on managing just needs to look at whats happened during the utmost decade. The term external environment refers to factors and forces outside the organization that affect its performance. As shown in Exhibit 2-2, it includes several different components. The frugal component encompasses factors such as interest rates, inflation, changes in disposable income, stock market fluctuations, and business cycle stages. The demographic component is pertain with trends in population characteristics such as a ge, race, gender, education level, geographic location, income, and family composition. The political/legal component looks at federal, state, and local laws, as well as global laws and laws of other countries.It besides includes a countrys political conditions and stability. The sociocultural component is concerned with societal and cultural factors such as values, attitudes, trends, traditions, lifestyles, beliefs, tastes, and patterns of behavior. The technological component is concerned with scientific or industrial innovations. And the global component encompasses those issues associated with globalization and a world economy. Although all these components pose potential constraints on managers decisions and actions, were loss to take a closer look at two of themthe economic and demographic aspects. Then, well look at how changes taking place in those components constrain managers and organizations. Well wrap up this section by examining environmental uncertainty and stakeho lder relationships.

Online Enrolment System

Introduction Background of the playing field Automation and online consummation is not relatively new here in our country and much so afield. In fact it is a growing fad abroad and is beginning to crop up in our country gradually, where bank transactions, demarcation dealings and bribeing and selling take keister. It is very convenient to do online transactions because one does not have to actually be in the supermarket, department store, drugstore or bookstore in order to buy things needed.All it takes is a computer that has an internet connection, and one can instantly place the order. Sooner or later, the product is at the doorstep. Online enrollment is to a real extent a new fad. The Online Enrolment system of the Ateneo de Zamboanga University serves as a vital part in the life of every student upon entry the university, it gives the student the impression on how the whole institute manages and manipulate in the entire body.The Online enrolment system provides less time consuming and info consistency, it stores details of students, year, and section. The enrolment is designed for authorized user of the school sanction that enables them to produce information required by the different people in the school. Computerized systems help the organization to flourish their everyday life. It is important in such(prenominal) a way that it benefits not only the students but the administration as a whole. It diminish the workload, and provides straight information.Last June 2012, the Ateneo de Zamboanga University implemented the online enrolment system to lessen the enrollment time, speeds up file management, and minimize inaccuracies and errors. Online Enrolment system is a good example of computer generated process. This can lessen the workload and provides accurate information needed of the university. As a result, it will benefit not only the student but the company as a whole. This study that we are doing is to define the benefits of the students, t he advantage and disadvantages, and the Impact to the students here in the Ateneo.

History inquiry

The impact of World War 1 on the work pains was the unreason for its downf either in the 1920. During World War 1 landed estate was booming. The farm prices were giant at a staggering 9. 7 US billion dollars and blueness for farmers were great. The reason for this was that the foreign market (mainly Europe) was enquireing allot from the States repayable to the fact that many foreign countries had little harvest due to the warfare. America was mostly isolated and not involved in the war so horticulture was not effected by the war in America. This meet that the other countries involved in the war had to rely onAmericas generate, centre Americas farms were selling allot more produce. Therefore they were gaining allot of money and they were vivacious in very good conditions. Farmers in America at this condemnation Oust before the 1 asss) decided that to keep up with the demand of harvest they would bulge loans to allow them to get the latest technology to germinate and har vest more produce, more quickly. They believed that this would make them more money in the long run and therefore they were quick to do it. further, things began to go spiraling down for farmers when the war ended.In the beginning of the sasss foreign countries began to recover and thus the American farmers lost their foreleg market. Farm price dropped to a low 4. 1 US billion dollars. Losing their foreign market meet that they were left with their big loans and were stuck with their impertinently bought technology making way too much produce. The troop amounts of produce they made didnt have enough people buying it and so it went to waste. sledding farmers with very little income, meaning they had no money to pay arrive at these loans with. This caused the farmers to quickly fall into dept.The dept meant farmers had to continue to produce the same amount of mass produce to pay off their dept. Thus they were stuck in a coil that was pulling them deeper and deeper into dept. D uring this time the living conditions for farming families were horrendous. 6 million farming families had to live on an average of a mere $200 annul. roughly 25 million farmers on small farms had to move to work on a commercially big farm. And they farmed on these farms so much they faint the land. These figures and facts show Just how bad the social and economic conditions came for farmers.Besides from farmers, African Americans and Immigrants were likewise finding this decade to be quite hurdling. Racism and racial requisition could be seen everywhere and black Americans had very difficult times, especially because of festering black hate groups such as the ASK. Immigrants and black Americans had allot of perturb in finding good work in American. Immigrants often had a giant language barrier and allot of the time, both immigrants and African-Americans were very uneducated. These were very big social problems of the 1 asss. This source was made primarily by Fitzpatrick, Dani el Robert (1891-1969).It shows the hardship of farmers In the 1 asss. As the picture depicts Farmers are skint and money Lies else where In Industries and such. It successfully shows how bad farmers of this time have It. The nation policy of having a laissez fairer has been said to have a part In causing the down fall of farming. This Is because these polices refused the government from interfering in the farms and no aid or support could would be more realistic to pronounce that this infant didnt cause anything but instead ended the problem from creation solved or made better.The technological advance of the sasss could be expound as a cause for the farming crash. Many newly invented machines were dedicate into action to increase the speed and amount of produce being made. The machines meant more produce and the produce couldnt be sold because of the lack of market. Loans were made to get aloud of these machines and these loans couldnt be paid back, going away many farmers in debt. However these loans were only made because of the conditions set in place by the personal effects of WWW. The arbitration was also apart of the cause of the down fall of farming in America in the sasss.The prohibition banned all alcoholic drinks in America, therefore stopping the production of all alcohol including spirits. This meant that all the wheat and barley used to make these drinks were no longer bought leaving the farmers with even less produce being sold. The amount of wheat being bought dropped by 25% and the amount of barley being bought dropped by 90%. This may be a cause for the farmers downfall but it had no where near the effect that the impact of WWW had on farmers. It was a lesser cause and held far little importance than the impact of WWW.

Children’s overall development needs Essay

Describe minorrens boilersuit festering postulate. The overall ramp upmental quests of a child are personal victimisation, Intellectual culture, Language Development, Emotional Development and Social Development. These are all unavoidable to make a well locomote child. Factors such as social, economic and environmental factors also happen upon a child irrefutablely or negatively for eccentric a childs horny vexment may suffer payable to a death or legal separation and so they may become irate and so will not be able to focus on give lessonsing work and so their gifted development may suffer too. The childrens overall development requisites are1.The expect for strong attachment with positive adults- turn in and affection from their parents and carers is vital for their Emotional Development in order to let on to respectfulness and trust others.2.The need for competence and achievement- Children need a lot of opportunity to look for wide variety of experience s and interest to hear the success and achievement to build their egotism esteem.3.The need for physical activity- Children need to be active and physical exercise through physical activity for healthful vim development in growing body.4.The need for positive social interaction- Children need a lot of opportunity to experience positive relationships with peers outside their family such as school as well as with their family members to develop social skills. Younger children will learn through play from which they learn how to care with others and enjoyment of sharing pleasant measure with peers. These positive relationships provide them the comfort, respect, new thinker and awareness of feeling.5.The need for fictive expression- Opportunities for creative expression is important to childrens intellectual and language development. Lots of opportunities help children develop the skills of expression to understanding and acceptance of themselves by speaking, writing or art. 6. The need for healthy lifestyle- Children need routine and nutritious diet in order to stay physically healthy and immune to health problems that affect negatively in all sphere of their developments.Read more Explain how children and unfledged peoples development is influenced by a range of external factors analyze

Philosophy and Science Essay

ism, attainment, art and righteousness be either study achievements of the spell bod mind. Like intelligence, doctrine calls for c atomic number 18ful reasoning and exact language. The temper of philosopher and memorisement be whateverwhat similar in that they score near(prenominal) relied on logical cerebration and a quest for deeper truths regarding deportment and military man constitution. There live with been great philosophers who clear become scientists such as Copernicus and in that respect watch up been scientists like Albert Einstein who charter later become philosophers.Thus in that respect is a subtle family relationship surrounded by cognizance and philosophic establishment. In past multiplication all fields of study including religion, intelligence and art were judge as part of school of notion. scientific discipline crossly, has been considered precise important in every philosophic system. that with the quick advance o f fellowship the comprehensions and the benevolentities divide from school of conceit (Grolier, 1979). They developed their own modes of investigating and their own vocabularies. Philosophers in recent clock tend to focus on fashionable ideas common to contrasting fields. Thus we strike out out that natural ism took its root in scientific investigation and later evolved into ground bruiseing perception.doctrine contribute be soundless in either a popular way or a good way. In the popular sense, whatsoever set of deeply held beliefs active man, nature, society and divinity is called a school of thought. Everyone who has wondered approximately the substance of life and institute an answer that satisfied him as his own philosophy. In its more practiced sense, philosophy means a passing disciplined and reasonable method of criticizing cardinal beliefs to make them more clear and reliable. This method was offshoot developed by the ancient Greeks in the 6th century B. C. Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Pythagoras, and primaeval(a) learned men began to speculate about the underlying causes of natural phenomena like kindred and death, rainfall and drought, the perfectly regular motions of the planets, the leave of fire toward the flip, and the fall of heavy objects toward the earth.In the humankind of today, science is regarded as an military action buildd on the experimental gather of events, the mathematical modeling of its results, and the framing of hypotheses. Philosophy on the some other baseball glove clutchs with incontestible ultimate questions about ethics and metaphysics, the heart of life, or the nature of truth.Todays philosophers and scientists travel along different paths, it is raise to none that science and philosophy hire had a common background and history. bank the emergence of special scientific branches in the 19th and 20th centuries, natural philosophy covered all scientific operation. Isaac n ormality called himself a natural philosopher, and telescopes and air pumps apply to be classified as philosophical instruments. Natural philosophy or philosophia naturalis referred to the geographic expedition and analysis of all things under the sky including stones to human mental functions and the winds and the stars. The natural philosophy evolved into modern scientific thought done the years 1200 to 1700. This period includes the introduction of Aristotles works into the nascent universities to the establishment of invariable scientific institutions such as the kinglike Society or the Acadmie des scholarships. Science as is known today is  were characterized by experimentation, mathematical modeling, the publication of research results, and the sponsoring of scientific collaboration.Science is usually associated with acquisition of fellowship and more unique(predicate)ally science is machine-accessible to surmisal-based fellowship comp atomic number 18d to vi rtual(a) knowledge. The interchange science has its roots from the give-and- pledge Scientia earlier meaning knowledge (Ross, 1996). Modern dictionaries find science as the observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of phenomena with methodological operation, discipline, or study. The on-key nature of science is outflank understood by focusing on its methodology.Fundamentally, then, science offer be characterized as a method of obtaining reliable though not infallible knowledge about the man around us. This knowledge includes two descriptions of what happens and explanations of wherefore it happens. The knowledge is reliable because it is continually tested and retested more than of science is intemperately interdependent, which means that all test of all scientific idea entails testing other, link ideas at the same time. The knowledge is not infallible because at no evince do scientists assume that they re ady arrived at a final, definitive truth. Science is for the most part about natural processes and natural til nowts. It involves both(prenominal) description and explanation. Description tells what has happened whereas explanation tells why it happened. According to Science, future events may be predicted only based on knowledge of such events.The ancient Greeks formed the word philosophy from philos meaning lover and sophia meaning wisdom. A philosopher according to them was a person who devoted his lfie to the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake without regard for its practical uses. The kind of knowledge that interested Thales and other philosophers of the 6th century B.C. was knowledge of nature and its laws. Philosophy on the other hand deals with the fundamental nature of cosmos, of man and of mans relationship to existence. Whereas science tries to take a microscopic perspective in business solving, philosophy tends to take a macroscopic perspective in problem solving . In world-wide, philosophy questions a good deal atomic number 18 a series of why-questions, whereas science is often said to ask how-questions. In the nomenclature of Ayn Rand In the realm of intelligence, the special sciences are the trees, but philosophy is the soil which makes the forest possible. (Ayn Rand in Philosophy Who Needs It) principally speaking philosophy is an attitude, an approach, or even a calling to answer or to ask or to comment upon legitimate peculiar kinds of questions.Science and philosophy stool always supported each other. plot philosophy utilizes scientific discoveries to give it cleverness and a basis for generalizations, science utilizes philosophy to get a world positioning and perceive things from the framework of universal principles. It is a well known position that early scientific ideas came from philosophers. The atomic social structure of things was first expressed by Democritus and later grow on by Lucretius and Diderot. What wa s hypothetically conceived by them was declared a scientific fact two centuries later. The Cartesian reflux as it is known in science was proposed by philosophers to explain conservation of motion in the universe.Spinoza hypothesized determinism based on a general philosophical recognition. The idea of the existence of molecules as complex particles consisting of atoms was developed in the works of the French philosopher Pierre Gassendi and as well Russias Mikhail Lomonosov. The hypothesis of the cellular structure of animal and vegetable organisms, the idea of the phylogenesis and universal connection of phenomena and the principle of the visible unity of the world were all obtained by means of philosophical thought. Lenin as a philosopher speculate the principle of the inexhaustibility of matter which scientists consider as a firm methodological base (Spirkin, 1983).Just as science progressed through philosophical thought, philosophy was also enriched by science. The philos ophical world view and methodology was impacted greatly with every major scientific discovery.  philosophical theories, statements and conclusions are deduced on the basis of scientific facts. Moreover, philosophical propositions, principles, concepts and laws are discovered through the generalization of these facts. euclidean geometry and the mechanics of Galileo and Newton are scientific discoveries that impacted human reasoning in a significant manner. Copernicus heliocentric system changed the whole conception of the structure of the universe and Darwins theory of evolution, changed the general perception of mans position in nature. Mendeleyevs table of chemical elements compound arrangement the structure of matter. Einsteins theory of relativity exposed the relationship between matter, motion, space and time. The theory of higher(prenominal) nervous activity evolved by Sechenov and Pavlov deepened the philosophers understanding of the material foundations of mental activi ty, of consciousness. The creation and reading by Marx, Engels and Lenin of the science of the laws of development of human society contributed further to philosophy in the realm of natural and social twirl of events (Spirkin, 1983).The history of natural and social science shows that scientists, on several occasions have leaned on world-views and methodological principles, categories and logical systems evolved by philosophers in the process of their researches. All scientists who sound off in terms of theory have expressed their gratitude in their writings and in their speeches.Thus, we find that the connection between philosophy and science is mutual. exactly this statement is found to be debatable among experts. There is a strong argument among scientists and philosophers that the two disciplines of science and philosophy do not necessarily need each other for growth. But there are others who feel that science can be informed by philosophy. Philosophy is highly valued cod to its interconnection with life. But then, there are others who argue that philosophy is based on vague theorizing and it should not have any link to science. However, it is significant to note that there is no such warning for philosophers to keep away from science. The specific sciences cannot and should not break their connections with true philosophy (Spirkin, 1983).Most scientists, especial(prenominal) those who work with theories would agree that creative activity is closely linked with philosophy and that without atrocious knowledge of philosophical culture the results of that activity cannot become theoretically effective. Scientists with a justly theoretical gain, have always accepted the significance of philosophy to the growth of science. Philosophy does not replace the specialised sciences and does not command them, but it does arm them with general principles of theoretical intellection, with a method of cognition and world-view. In this sense scientific philosoph y legitimately holds one of the key positions in the system of the sciences.Truly scientific thought is philosophical to the core just as truly philosophical thought is deeply scientific, rooted in the sum-total of scientific achievements. Philosophical training gives the scientist a extensiveness and penetration, a wider scope in posing and firmness problems. Sometimes these qualities are brilliantly expressed, as in the work of Marx, particularly in his Capital, or in Einsteins wide-ranging natural scientific conceptions. The interconnection between science and philosophy that has existed through the years has only grown stronger with time. It is unrealizable to achieve complete understanding of theories link to global problems without a coarse grasp of inter-disciplinary and philosophical views.There are some people who argue that science has no need of philosophy. It is their contention that science is in itself philosophy. They hold that scientific knowledge is fit to pro vide answers to all problems including philosophical problems. But the cunning of philosophy lies in the fact that any form of contempt for it, any rejection of philosophy is in itself a kind of philosophy. It is as impossible to get unblock of philosophy as it is to rid oneself of all convictions. Many scientists who have maintained the positions of oil empiricism and scorned philosophy have eventually fallen into mysticism. Absence of philosophical assumptions antedates to intellectual sign upness.Science needs philosophy due to its diversified branches. As Science has become so ramified, no can today master any particular subject such as care for or biology or mathematics. Scientists are trying to know as much as possible about as little as possible. This kind of specific specialism is both good and bad. Without narrow specialization there can be no progress in science and at the same time, such specialization must be constantly change out by a broad inter-disciplinary app roach, by the integrative power of philosophical reason. Narrow specialization has no breadth of vision and can thus lead to empiricism, to the endless description of particulars.While science requires researchers to look externally, philosophers tend to look both internally and externally at the world around man and mans place in that world. This wholesome perception provided by philosophical consciousness is wistful in its very essence. Philosophy is not only an abstract science. It also deals with virtuous principles, ethics, and conscience. Today, advances in science have brought some(prenominal) kinds of conflict to society. For example, there is the question regarding thermonuclear bomb. Is it wrong for a nation to acquire nuclear bomb? Only honorable thinking combined with scientific thinking can provide the right answer. such questions as this one cannot be answered by science alone.While there are many examples showing that philosophical thought was behind many scient ific discoveries, Bernal conceived that science was the starting point for philosophy it was the very basis of philosophy. Marxist social theory emerged within this process. For Bernal, there was no philosophy, no social theory, and no knowledge indie of science. Science was the foundation of it all (Sheehan, 1985). As Bernal saw the transition to the future, scientific and left philosophical thinking played a key role.  For a long time, philosophers as diverse as David Hume, Karl Marx, and Edmund Husser felt that philosophy was scientific. But, Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) felt that there are some problems that science alone can deal with and others it couldnt.Science and philosophy are both different paths taken by different people who desire to explore the truth. Scientists and philosophers can be considered as seekers of true knowledge. These two subjects differ today in the nature and methodology. Despite these differences, true scientific theories are based on philosophy an d true philosophical statements have their foundation in science.

Feast of Christ the King

November 21, 2010, is the last twenty-four hours for ordinary times and we allow stir up again to our modern liturgical calendar, the etymon of the advent season. We commemorate the feast of christ our king in Villa del Sol in City of San Fernando Pampanga to be hotshot or be united to praise and animate Him. The main theme of the celebration is round the Reproductive health Bill that the church service is not in favor. A prayer rally was held so that the people whitethorn be aware of the consequences when this bill leave alone be passed.A lot of varied organization joined the rally to attester the solemnity of our Lord and be one to against the said bill. And when the homily started the priest real focus about the Reproductive wellness Bill and associate it with the feast of savior the King. The Church said that it will relent and loosen the moral fiber of the area and it will introduce a new culture, the culture of death. Also it will induct an irreversible cons equence in our life.By listening and understanding the homily, the Reproductive Health Bill is not appropriate to to each one one of us because of the consequences like it is anti-poor and anti-life. As a Catholic, life is so primal to us. We treasure it because life is not our possession, theology and give it to us and He is the only one who can herald when will we going to die and what is our future. We only do what good for everyone and God will give us what we really deserve.

Xox Supply Chain

Answer the following questions in coincidence to Xbox drive Lee, Hau Hoyt David W. and Holloway, Chuck, Evolution of the Xbox Supply orbit * Who argon the non-homogeneous s manoeuvreholders for Xbox that frameed the Microsoft eco trunk term find the fork out chemical orbit chore system for Xbox? * What were the challenges face by Xbox when it lift offing lay dumped Xbox? * How did this compare to the ground of Xbox 360? * Did they consider whatsoever budges in the add on set up? render Xbox S fruitholdersMicrosofts Xbox project was started by a group of jeopardizers in 1999 so that they peck alike develop a period of play console which threatened the performance of the base PC merchandise. The Xbox project consisted of twain(prenominal) insepar qualified and external s back awayholders who had either a straight off or indirect stake in the project. These stakeholders include the Microsoft employees (i. e. , Xbox project team, Microsoft executives), shareholders, suppliers (e. g. , Intel, Nvidia), baffle bring uprs (i. e. , Flextronics, Wistron Corp, Celestica), game developers, material bodyers (i. , Astro Studios), distri justors, wideband sufferrs, retailers and customers. The stakeholders of the Xbox project rear be visualized in legal injury of their military posture in Microsofts across-the-board sum up grasp, shown in take in 1. 0 below. Figure 1. 0 Microsofts Xbox confer chain Challenges with Original Xbox Microsoft encountered many challenges when ingress the trustworthy Xbox in 2001. To go a descendst understand the challenges in the maestro Xbox, we post see the SOSTAC (Situation analysis, clinical Setting, Strategy, Tactics, Actions and Control) approach.Situation Analysis. Microsoft did non go through a carriage in the manoeuvre console merchandise and was up against strong competitors which already had constituted merchandises such as Sony (Playstation) and Nintendo (GameCube). This co mpetitive landscape painting intentionate them in a smudge wherein they beg to develop a convergence that offered features that were compar adequate to(p) to existing growths in the grocery which was perfectly impairmentd to establish themselves in the marketplace. More all over, Microsoft accepted that it was critical to launch in term for the 2001 holi day cartridge holder eason to go forth them to ingest a presence in the marketplace beforehand they became up against the neighboring- genesis reaping. Thus, Microsofts too soon challenges came at a price of naughty turnout r antiophthalmic factor up approachs, where they motiveed to produce 100,000 consoles in a calendar week in order to launch the impertinently Xbox in clock time for the Christmas. Objective. The short-term objectives of developing the original Xbox was primarily aimed at take a shit in the period of play console market, scholarship from the come across and paving way for the next gen eration of products. Strategy. Microsoft adapted a push sum chain scheme using an extended write out chain.They exceedingly-developed their products establish on existing game consoles with added features, most of which were build to compete against Sony PS2. In addition to a having features similar to opposite(a) gaming consoles operational in the market, the Xbox had new(prenominal) features such as renounceing Xbox to play videodisks, and a built-in modem which in 2002 was used to launch Xbox live. Tactics. Microsoft lacked the competency in building hardware neither did it guide exposure to externalizeing and manufacturing hardware that back end be used as a game console nor did it wealthy person any roll in the hay with the game console market.Hence, Microsoft pertinacious to form strategical take offnerships with preferred contract manufacturers who stern deliver the products for them because they did not wee the time to fare with unproven vendors and i dle designs. Actions. Microsoft excessively took into account the mess of manufacturing facilities in their selection of contract manufacturers to allow to take into account the logistics of to shipping products promptly to the US and European markets and decided to find plants in Mexico and Hungary.Logistics is the time- link up positioning or resource, or the strategic wariness of the total grant chain. The supply chain is a sequence of plaints intend to satisfy a customer It rump include procurement, manufacture, distri besidesion, and waste disposal, together with associated transport, retention and tuition technology(Chaffey, 2002). Microsofts Xbox had over wizard thousand (1000) components and forty-five (45) of which were critical components that was completely oper fit from a single supplier. The Xbox withal required several take offs with in laid-backschool spirits technical performance requirements (e. . , covering speed, artistic production resolution, memory requirement and internet access). The high dependence on Microsofts suppliers do it indispensable to integrate the information central with its key suppliers. Thus, Microsoft decided to require co-investments from its suppliers and electronics manufacturing work (EMS) to repair the coordination among the heterogeneous groups. This suggests that Microsoft recognized the drive for using technology to improve the fuse of information and adapted some form of technology to manage the affinity with several(a) intermediaries.Control. While the baptismal font did not provide enough data to conform to how Microsoft measurable the outcome, it abide be inferred from the changes they top to the launch Xbox 360 that they did some reviews internally so that they evict make the necessary changes. Unfortunately, Microsoft had very circumstantial time to jibe to how to manage the supply earningss &8212 the coordination of all supply activities of an physical composition fro m its suppliers and partners to its customers(Chaffey, 2002, p. 335).While they choose a push approach to supply chain management, which is typically suggests that the production processes are aimed at monetary value and efficiency, Microsoft was up against probatory challenges that make it difficult to be cost effective. In the end, Microsofts investment in the Xbox is higher than the expected sale price of the product &8212 i. e. , the be for producing the Xbox hardware were estimated to be at $450, when retail price for the Xbox was totally at $299. 00. Profitability was therefore reliant on driving the be down for the Xbox console and sales from selling games.Differences amidst Original Xbox and Xbox 360 and Supply string Changes Situation. When Microsoft launched Xbox 360, gaming had already become a freehanded part of the home entertainment and broadband access was substantially higher. Microsoft also had a better understanding of what games were needed in distributi vely country because they had already formal a presence in the market. Objective. Microsofts conclusions on developing the Xbox 360 was no all-night based on their desire to get into selling hardware and simply pass a gaming console, but to a greater extent on their goal of increasing software system sales.So, Microsoft developed the rising system in such a way that flock be a central part of home entertainment thereby incorporating other features such as internet access. Strategy. In launching Xbox 360, Microsoft planned a spheric launch, which no other troupe had through before, so that Xbox 360 bum be do purchasable in all study markets before Sony would have a contingency to launch PS3. Implementing a global outline posed two large chances for Microsoft. To moderate this jeopardize, Microsoft also implemented some risk management techniques. Risk management is intend to identify potential risks in a range of situations and thus take actions to play down risk ( Chaffey, 2002, p. 599). It involves several stages which include the ac friendshipment of risks, possible solutions, implementing the solutions that target high-impact risks and monitoring them for the future. First, was link up to the fact that the Xbox required complementary products for it to be enjoyed and their biggest concern was whether there would be fitting game titles available at the same(p) time. Thus, Microsoft lined up game developers who could develop tonic games.For this task, Microsoft had a better taste sensation of game types needed in each(prenominal) country based on the original Xbox experience, nonetheless ensuring that the games were ready had different quantify issues. The unavailability of games in a situation country would mean a diminish of sales of consoles and would have a pregnant impact on the profitability of Microsoft. Second, Microsoft faced the risk of success where the supply of gaming consoles would not be sufficient to withstand up with demand. Foreseeable, this can manifest itself in different ways but both negatively impacting their ability to acquire new customers.This suggests that Microsoft recognized the implication of complementary products to allow them to take advantage of the mesh topology effects. For Microsoft, the worse guinea pig scenario is for Microsoft to miss customer expectations and put them at risk for losing their customers. Another scenario is if their demand calculations were off and end up with an over/under supply of gaming consoles in one area. Tactics. As soon as the original Xbox was launched, Microsoft started working on the next generation of Xbox and required the new sit to have high definition capability, high storage readiness and access to the internet.Unlike the primitively launch of the Xbox, where Microsoft delivered a superior product whose features that came at the expense of cost, Microsoft included cost considerations as part of their new strategy. This time, Mic rosoft also wanted to take advantage of the timing, set and exploiting the relationships with complementary product. Actions. Microsoft made three changes in its supply chain management to beat back down costs (1) change the location of its manufacturing facilities (2) increase the bite of EMS suppliers and (3) piece contracting.First, when launching the original Xbox, Microsoft decided to select manufacturing facilities that were geographically near the customers in order to quickly deliver the products to facilitate fast product introduction. However, in launching Xbox 360, Microsoft decided to take advantage of a less pricey option by switching the instalment location from Mexico and Hungary to China. While this meant an change magnitude risk in fulfilling orders in time for a global launch, the unwavering was able to leverage lower labor rates from a place where the infrastructure was already available for electronic manufacturing.Second, by permitting multiple EMS suppl iers, Microsoft was able to ensure that they had enough manufacturers who would be able to fulfill the orders. This also provided the ability to act as compared with being dependent on a single supplier at Xbox launch. This helped Microsoft manage the supplier vender lock-in that they had primarily and arrest the possible increase in switching costs such as search costs, specialized suppliers, contractual perpetration (Shapiro & antiophthalmic factor antiophthalmic factor Varian, 1998).Third, Microsoft decided that it was surpass to take ownership of the design of the chip (which was previously owned and designed by Nvidia and Intel) and source its move from the supply chain. This disintermediation strategy in their supply chain made it possible for Microsoft to be in a better position to control costs over the products lifetime. Moreover, this strategy is consistent with what is normally referred to as an outside-in outsourcing practise so that they can build up skills inte rnally and manage this area.Microsoft was also able to compress the design cycle by engaging in concurrent design development activities which included a finishingr link between and manufacturing, regular exam and iterative redesign. This was a change from Microsofts original Xbox strategy which had significant system and supplier level lock-in effects for Microsoft because Nvidia and Intel owned and designed the chips. While the dual sourcing strategy minimized the risks of lock-in at the supplier level, they were good-tempered locked-in at the system level where Microsoft had to have intercourse with any enhancements or changes in the design of the chips.Microsoft also used HDTV technologies that was available in the market, while Sony (being a hardware company) decided to bet on Blu-Ray to allow it to establish it as the new DVD standard for high-definition. In hindsight, Microsofts decision provided them a one- social class head start in third generation consoles because S onys Blu-Ray decision caused a significant appreciation in Sonys PS3 launch. By c melt down on Blu-Ray, Sony was betting on standards change to increase their competitive advantage. Control.As discussed previously, the case did not provide enough data to see how Microsoft measured control. Japanese Automakers Supply Chain Structures The disintermediation strategy that Microsoft took gives some insight to definitive make or buy arguments that companies make in determining where to source their supplies. In contrast to Microsofts decision to do things themselves, Japanese automakers apparently assume that feature, delivery, inventories, and related costs can be better governed by the purchasing department in a buy situation, than by do it yourself. (Deming, 1982, p. 7). However, for them to control the quality they require perpetually have demanding expectations from their suppliers. The expectations include (1) exceptional quality requirements (2) reliable just-in-time deliver (3) exact quantities no over- or under-runs and (4) continuously improving productiveness resulting in long cost reductions (Deming, 1982, p. 48). In return for the high investments on the part of their suppliers, they have production contracts that are usually long-term (as long as sixer years), and may include requirements for product design and testing.For the Japanese automakers, they have arms almost relationship where they embrace the lock-in effects with their suppliers instead of arms- distance transactions which rely on the spot-market. The Japanese auto manufacturers are more promising to engage in vertical dissolving and outsourcing of processes to a network of suppliers. For archetype, in the case of Honda, they engage in strategic h antiophthalmic factorers with jump tier suppliers whom they are said to have a strong close relationship through shared history (Choi & international adenosine monophosphateereamp Hong, 2002, p. 78). They are said to have approxi mately 400 core suppliers and a number of indirect suppliers which all add to the production of 400,000 units of Accord models each year (Choi &amp Hong, 2002). Another example is Acura, where the structure of their network is very compound with 76 entities in the supply network (i. e. , 1 first-tier, 20, second-tier, 28 third-tier, 17 fourth-tier, 9 fifth-tier, and 1 six-tier) to produce their Acura CL/TL center console alone (Choi &amp Hong, 2002).Another example is Toyota, a company that is recognized worldwide for adopting lean management principles in its supply chain. Toyota has motley stakeholders that contribute to the success of the supply chain namely Domestic Suppliers Overseas suppliers Parts Centers Toyota Plants Distributors Kyohans Dealers rectify Shops Parts Jobbers Customers. SOSTAC Analysis of Toyota To better advise how supply chain strategies differ, we can also adopt the SOSTAC model to explain Toyotas strategy. Situation Analysis. Toyota is an establ ished car manufacturer that has been in existence since 1937.Toyota offers a undecomposed range of models from mini-vehicles to trucks. Toyota believes that their long-term success is based on loyal customers. Toyota manages using the Toyota Way, which is underpinned by two pillars, continuous improvement and notice for people. Toyota believes that the Toyota Way should be used in interactions because they believe that their success is not created by individual efforts but rather as a team. Objective. Toyotas supply chain objective is to establish strong link up to its customers, dealers and channels. Strategy.Toyota created an efficient network so that it can deliver excellent service to its customers. Their close interrelationship between various part of the chain suggests that they engage in a pull strategy and their supply chain can be viewed in terms of Figure 2. 0 below. Figure 2. 0 Toyotas supply chain Tactics. Toyota developed its own Toyota Production System where they introduced various manufacturing techniques such as Just-In-Time, Kaizen (continuous improvement). Toyota makes strategic alliance with its partners and puts an emphasis on long-term relationships.Toyotas manufacturing processes is also developed so that each plant serves a local market and at least another market across the world. While this tactic can be seen as a logistic decision, it is also driven by various risk considerations. It is driven by a financial consideration so that it can hedge transmute-rate risks and shift production when exchange rates increase (Chopra &amp Sodhi, 2004, p. 345). It is also driven by capacity considerations so that idle capacity is rationalize by ensuring that more than one market are supported by the plants to deal with demand fluctuations(Chopra &amp Sodhi, 2004).Action. Toyota ensures that both the upriver and downriver supply chains are extremely efficient networks. For its upstream supply chain, Toyota not wholly engages in acti vities that ensure that information flows across its suppliers, but also engages in various activities pitch toward promoting a shared network individualism among its suppliers. More specifically, Toyota created network-level processes to ensure that they share a social community, network norms and knowledge (Dyer &amp Nobeoka, 2000, p. 352).To implement this, Toyota has established various supplier associations (kyohokai) since 1943 so that they can have (1) information exchange between particle companies and Toyota, (2) mutual development and training among appendage companies, and (3) socializing events(Dyer &amp Nobeoka, 2000). For its downstream supply chain, Toyota is dependent on its dealers to faint new and used vehicles, as intumesce as servicing for its profitability. Toyota manages its dealers with three principles (1) independence of dealers as outside investors (2) Winning jointly (3) Encouraging competition among channels.This approach encourages their de alers to make independent decisions and be proactive in making improvements. Toyota help the dealers make decisions toward investing in areas necessary to improve so that they can be both successful. Toyota embraced lean manufacturing techniques to keep costs down. Not only do they expend these principles in their manufacturing of cars, but they also apply this in other areas of their supply chain. For example, they use kyohans to allow their dealers to corroborate a low level of part supply.The use of an intermediary to have a central control of parts allows the network some flexibility so that parts do not sit idly at dealers at the same time allow Toyota to move the parts to dealers that need them. Kyohans can order supplies of stocks once a day, and supplies them to the dealers 3-4 times a day. In case the stock is unavailable, kyohans can put in an emergency stock request which can be fulfilled by a domestic distributor within one-half a day to a day or an international di stributor in under 5 days. Toyota also promotes continuous improvement through a idea they refer to as kaizen.This process allows them to improve their operations through innovation, organizational learning and standardization of processes. For example, a mandatory bi-annual recapitulations of cars for adjustment at the service facilities usually takes 2-3 hours. The length of time it took was largely dependent on skills and experiences of the service technician in charge of the inspection. by and by applying kaizen principles, Toyota was able to streamline and standardize the inspection process so that inspections would only take 45 minutes. Control.Toyota conducts performance measurements at predetermined timeframes. For instance they do annual reviews wherein they apply some ranking and rating appliance to evaluate their dealers. The dealers are measured in terms of sales volume of new and used cars, after-service sales service, customer satisfaction, number of showrooms, n umber of service centers, number of staff, and profitability. banter There are various approaches to managing the supply chain of a firm. The decision to adopt one over another is highly depended on the long-term strategic goals of the corporation.From the Microsofts Xbox case, we can see that sometimes firm make costly decisions in the process of launching a product to gain foothold in the market place. It is then last up to the firm to learn form the process and as an organization learn from the experience and make the necessary changes. Microsoft adopted two distinct approaches in managing their supply chain based on their short- and long-term objectives. In the launching Xbox, they were highly dependent on the expertise of their suppliers so that they can launch the Xbox in time for the 2001 holiday sales.This enabled the firm to learn from their experience so that they can come up with a new strategy to launch the next generation gaming console. Microsofts disintermediation s trategy appears to minimize lock-in effects with suppliers so that they can take advantage of spot-markets and ultimately lower their costs. Interestingly, in the case of Toyota, they took a very different approach from Microsoft even when their objective was also to minimize production costs. Instead of relying on spot-markets, they embraced lock-in and invested in long-term relationships with its suppliers.This approach allowed them to make continuous improvements across multiple suppliers by sharing knowledge and information among the upstream and downstream processes. The increased information flows across the network was made possible by the use of various e-supply and e-demand applications. From the Toyota case, it can also be seen that a highly integrated supply chain that shares information, expertise across the firm can take advantage of minimized costs and profitability.It can also be gleaned from this case the importance of trust and respect because the members of the sup ply chain has access to critical information that can be detrimental to the other partners if opportunistic behavior arises. Chaffey, D. (2002). E-business and E-commerce Management Strategy, implementation and Practice. Essex Pearson Education Limited. Choi, T. Y. , &amp Hong, Y. (2002). introduction the structure of supply networks case studies in Honda Acura, and Daimler Chrysler. Journal of Operations Management, 20, 469-493. Chopra, S. , &amp Sodhi, M. S. (2004).Managing Risk To Avoid Supply-Chain Breakdown. MIT Sloan Management Review(Fall 2004), 53-61. Deming, W. E. (1982). out(p) of the crisis Quality Productivity and Competitive Position. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Dyer, J. H. , &amp Nobeoka, K. (2000). Creating and Manageing a High-Performance Knowledge-Sharing meshing The Toyota Case. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 345-367. Shapiro, C. , &amp Varian, H. (1998). interlock and positive feedback How to exploit Network effects. In H. B. S. Pres s (Ed. ), Information rules A strategic guide to the network economy. (pp. 1-56).